Panasonic 18650 · Model S/X · Generation 3

Model S/X 100

8,256 cells in sixteen denser modules. The longest-range pack of the original S and X.

NCA18650 cylindricalAug 2016 – 2021Community

Gross capacity: 103 kWh; conflicting reports
Usable capacity: 98.4 kWh
Cells: 8,256
Pack mass: Unknown

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Pack · top view

16 modules

Cell supplier: Panasonic Energy
Cell: Panasonic 18650 (Model S/X)
Vehicles: Model S Model X
Built at: Fremont

Tesla announced the 100 kWh pack with the P100D in August 2016. A widely reported teardown found sixteen modules of 516 cells, 8,256 Panasonic 18650 cells in total, arranged as 96s86p.

Readings from the teardown's battery management system showed 98.4 kWh usable plus a roughly 4 kWh bottom buffer. Tesla's EPA filing for the Model X listed 103 kWh, and EPA data reported later put pack-level energy density at about 165 Wh/kg.

Specifications

Pack data, value by value

Manufacturer-confirmed
Documented
Community-reported
Estimated

Every value shows its evidence level and sources. “Unknown” means no source we trust has published it. We never fill gaps with assumptions.

Gross capacity: 3 reported valuesspread 3 kWh · 3.0%

100

102.4

103

Filled dot: the value shown as primary (the most specific source for this pack). Rings: other reported values. Differences often come from different definitions of gross capacity.

Gross capacityTotal energy incl. bottom buffer: 103 kWhDocumented[2]
EPA datasheet value for the pre-refresh Model X pack.
Other reported values:
102.4 kWh[1]98.4 kWh usable + ~4 kWh buffer from BMS readings.
100 kWh[3]Tesla badge capacity.
Usable capacityEnergy available 100% → 0%: 98.4 kWhCommunity[1]
BMS reading from a teardown pack.
Chemistry: NCACommunity[4]
Cell format: 18650Documented[1]
Cell supplier: Panasonic EnergyDocumented[5]
Cell count: 8,256Documented[1]
ConfigurationSeries × parallel: 96s86pDocumented[1]
Modules: 16Documented[1]
516 cells per module.
Nominal voltage: Unknown
Architecture: Unknown
Pack mass: Unknown
Energy densityPack level: 165 Wh/kgDocumented[2]
Pack-level figure from EPA data.
Structural pack: NoEstimated
Peak DC charging: Unknown

The cell

Panasonic 18650 (Model S/X)

Panasonic began delivering its 3.1 Ah 18650 cell to Tesla in 2010 and agreed in 2011 to supply cells for more than 80,000 vehicles. Revised versions of the cell went into the 85, 90 and 100 kWh packs.

Cell data

Dimensions: Ø18 × 65 mmConfirmed[]
Capacity: 3.1 AhConfirmed[]
Panasonic's 3.1 Ah cell announced for the Model S in 2010. Later pack generations used revised cells whose ratings were not published.
Nominal voltage: Unknown
Energy per cell: Unknown
Chemistry: NCACommunity[4]
Community sources identify customized Panasonic NCR18650-series cells.

Capacity in context

Gross capacity of every documented pack. Hatched bars are disputed ranges; packs with unknown capacity are omitted.

Applications

Where this pack is installed

Each row is a documented link between this pack and a vehicle variant, with its factory, period and evidence. A variant may also appear with other packs.

Model S Open in finder

Variant	Period	Factory	Market	Code	Evidence
100D / P100DModel S (2012–2021)	Aug 2016 – 2021	Fremont	Not market-specific	—	Community[3][1]

Model X Open in finder

Variant	Period	Factory	Market	Code	Evidence
100D / P100DModel X (2015–2021)	2016 – 2021	Fremont	Not market-specific	—	Documented[2] Start month not verified.

Supply chain

Panasonic Energy · Japanplant undisclosedTesla Fremont FactorycellsDocumented[6][5]
Panasonic agreed in 2011 to supply Model S cells. In 2019, Japanese plants were still supplying 18650 cells for the S and X.

View on the global map

Performance

Charging, advantages and tradeoffs

Peak DC charging

Unknown

No verified charging curve for this pack is in the database yet. Curves vary with temperature, state of charge and software, so we only publish curves backed by repeatable measurements.

Advantages

Packed 16% more cells into the same sixteen-module footprint as the 85 kWh pack. [1]

Tradeoffs

None documented with a source yet.

Identification

How to tell if your car has it

Badged 100D or P100D. Tesla service can confirm the installed pack.
The part number on the high-voltage battery label and Tesla service records are definitive. A VIN alone does not encode the cell supplier or pack code.

History

Lineage in the Panasonic 18650 · Model S/X family

Model S and Model X packs built from Panasonic 18650 cells, from the 85 kWh launch pack of 2012 to the five-module pack of the 2021 refresh.

Aug 2016Documented[3][1]
100 kWh pack announced with the P100D
Denser modules put 8,256 cells into the sixteen-module footprint.

Sources

6 references

[1]
Tesla teardown: 100 kWh battery pack
ElectrekpressPublished 24 Jan 2017Consulted 28 Oct 2026Pending direct review
Reports Jason Hughes' teardown and BMS readings.
[2]
Tesla's upgraded Model X battery has higher energy density
ElectrekpressPublished 4 Nov 2021Consulted 28 Oct 2026Pending direct review
Reports EPA datasheet values: 103 kWh → 100 kWh, 165 → ~186 Wh/kg.
[3]
Tesla Model S
WikipediacommunityConsulted 28 Oct 2026Pending direct review
[4]
Battery facts (Model S 85 kWh pack layout)
Tesla Motors ClubcommunityConsulted 28 Oct 2026Pending direct review
[5]
Panasonic considers producing 2170 cells in Japan
electrive.compressPublished 25 Apr 2019Consulted 28 Oct 2026Pending direct review
[6]
Panasonic and Tesla reach agreement to supply automotive-grade battery cells
Panasonic NewsroomofficialPublished 11 Oct 2011Consulted 28 Oct 2026Pending direct review