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Tesla Battery Atlas

Panasonic 18650 · Model S/X · Generation 2

Model S/X 75

The entry pack of the later Model S and X years, also sold as a software-limited 60.

NCA18650 cylindrical2016 – end undocumentedCommunity
Gross capacity
75 kWh
Usable capacity
Unknown
Cells
Unknown
Pack mass
Unknown
Compare Is this in my car? Suggest a correction

Pack · top view

Module layout unverified

Cell supplier
Panasonic Energy
Cell
Panasonic 18650 (Model S/X)
Vehicles
Model S
Built at
Fremont

About this pack

The 75 kWh pack served as the entry battery for the Model S and Model X during the later years of the original body. Tesla also sold it as a software-limited 60 until April 2017, after which 75 kWh became the smallest option.

Cell count and module layout are not verified in this database yet. Community discussions describe 74-cell-parallel modules, but the number of modules has not been confirmed.

Specifications

Pack data, value by value

  • Manufacturer-confirmed
  • Documented
  • Community-reported
  • Estimated

Every value shows its evidence level and sources. “Unknown” means no source we trust has published it. We never fill gaps with assumptions.

Gross capacityTotal energy incl. bottom buffer
75 kWhConfirmed[1]

Badge capacity.

Usable capacityEnergy available 100% → 0%
Unknown
Chemistry
NCACommunity[3]
Cell format
18650Documented[4]
Cell supplier
Panasonic EnergyDocumented[4]
Cell count
Unknown
ConfigurationSeries × parallel
Unknown
Modules
Unknown
Nominal voltage
Unknown
Architecture
Unknown
Pack mass
Unknown
Energy densityPack level
Unknown

Requires both pack mass and capacity.

Structural pack
NoEstimated
Peak DC charging
Unknown

The cell

Panasonic 18650 (Model S/X)

Panasonic began delivering its 3.1 Ah 18650 cell to Tesla in 2010 and agreed in 2011 to supply cells for more than 80,000 vehicles. Revised versions of the cell went into the 85, 90 and 100 kWh packs.

18650Ø18 mm65 mm21704680DRAWN TO SCALE · DASHED: OTHER CYLINDRICAL FORMATS

Cell data

Dimensions
Ø18 × 65 mmConfirmed[]
Capacity
3.1 AhConfirmed[]

Panasonic's 3.1 Ah cell announced for the Model S in 2010. Later pack generations used revised cells whose ratings were not published.

Nominal voltage
Unknown
Energy per cell
Unknown
Chemistry
NCACommunity[3]

Community sources identify customized Panasonic NCR18650-series cells.

Capacity in context

Gross capacity of every documented pack. Hatched bars are disputed ranges; packs with unknown capacity are omitted.

  1. Cybertruck 4680123
  2. Model S/X 100103
  3. Model S/X 2021+100
  4. Model S/X 9090
  5. LG 5N88.2
  6. Model S 8585
  7. LG 5M84.7
  8. Panasonic 3L82.1
  9. Roadster 3.0 (R80)80
  10. Tesla 8L79
  11. LG 5L78.8
  12. Panasonic 377.8
  13. Model S/X 7575
  14. LG 5C74.5
  15. Tesla 4680 Structural (Model Y)69
  16. CATL 6M62.5
  17. CATL 6L60
  18. BYD 7C55–60 (disputed)
  19. CATL 6C55
  20. Panasonic 1L55
  21. Panasonic 1C53.1
  22. Roadster ESS53

Applications

Where this pack is installed

Each row is a documented link between this pack and a vehicle variant, with its factory, period and evidence. A variant may also appear with other packs.

Model SOpen in finder
VariantPeriodFactoryMarketCodeEvidence
75 / 75D (incl. software-limited 60)Model S (2012–2021)2016 – end undocumentedFremontNot market-specific—
Community[1]

Exact start and end dates not verified. Includes cars sold as a software-limited 60 until April 2017.

Supply chain

  • Panasonic Energy · Japanplant undisclosedTesla Fremont FactorycellsDocumented[5][4]

    Panasonic agreed in 2011 to supply Model S cells. In 2019, Japanese plants were still supplying 18650 cells for the S and X.

View on the global map

Performance

Charging, advantages and tradeoffs

Peak DC charging

Unknown

No verified charging curve for this pack is in the database yet. Curves vary with temperature, state of charge and software, so we only publish curves backed by repeatable measurements.

Advantages

None documented with a source yet.

Tradeoffs

None documented with a source yet.

Identification

How to tell if your car has it

  • Cars badged 60 from 2016–2017 may carry a software-limited 75 kWh pack. Tesla service can confirm.
  • The part number on the high-voltage battery label and Tesla service records are definitive. A VIN alone does not encode the cell supplier or pack code.

History

Lineage in the Panasonic 18650 · Model S/X family

Model S and Model X packs built from Panasonic 18650 cells, from the 85 kWh launch pack of 2012 to the five-module pack of the 2021 refresh.

  1. Model S 852012–2016 · 85 kWh
  2. Model S/X 752016–? · 75 kWh
  3. Model S/X 902015–? · 90 kWh
  4. Model S/X 1002016–2021 · 103 kWh
  5. Model S/X 2021+2021–now · 100 kWh

Related packs

Model S/X 90vsModel S/X 100vs

Sources

5 references

  1. [1]
    Tesla Model S

    WikipediacommunityConsulted 28 Oct 2026Pending direct review

  2. [2]
    Model S/X battery discussion (75 and 90 kWh module layout)

    Tesla Motors ClubcommunityConsulted 28 Oct 2026Pending direct review

  3. [3]
    Battery facts (Model S 85 kWh pack layout)

    Tesla Motors ClubcommunityConsulted 28 Oct 2026Pending direct review

  4. [4]
    Panasonic considers producing 2170 cells in Japan

    electrive.compressPublished 25 Apr 2019Consulted 28 Oct 2026Pending direct review

  5. [5]
    Panasonic and Tesla reach agreement to supply automotive-grade battery cells

    Panasonic NewsroomofficialPublished 11 Oct 2011Consulted 28 Oct 2026Pending direct review