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Tesla Battery Atlas

Panasonic 18650 · Model S/X · Generation 4

Model S/X 2021+

Five large modules, still 18650 cells, with a big jump in pack-level energy density.

Undisclosed18650 cylindrical2021 – presentDocumented
Gross capacity
100 kWh
conflicting reports
Usable capacity
Unknown
Cells
Unknown
Pack mass
Unknown
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Pack · top view

5 modules

Cell supplier
Panasonic Energy
Cell
Panasonic 18650 (2021 Model S/X)
Built at
Fremont

About this pack

The refreshed Model S and Model X of 2021 kept Panasonic 18650 cells but cut the module count from sixteen to five. EPA data reported by Electrek shows pack energy falling slightly, from 103 to 100 kWh, while pack-level energy density rose from about 165 to about 186 Wh/kg.

Tesla said little about the pack beyond thermal improvements. Cell count and series/parallel layout have not been verified in this database yet.

Specifications

Pack data, value by value

  • Manufacturer-confirmed
  • Documented
  • Community-reported
  • Estimated

Every value shows its evidence level and sources. “Unknown” means no source we trust has published it. We never fill gaps with assumptions.

Gross capacity: 2 reported valuesspread 1 kWh · 1.0%

Filled dot: the value shown as primary (the most specific source for this pack). Rings: other reported values. Differences often come from different definitions of gross capacity.

Gross capacityTotal energy incl. bottom buffer
100 kWhDocumented[1]

EPA datasheet (Model X).

Other reported values:

  • 99 kWh[2]Reported elsewhere as about 99 kWh.
Usable capacityEnergy available 100% → 0%
Unknown
Chemistry
Unknown

Not published.

Cell format
18650Documented[3][4]
Cell supplier
Panasonic EnergyDocumented[3][4]
Cell count
Unknown

Community estimates exist but were not verified for this release.

ConfigurationSeries × parallel
Unknown
Modules
5Documented[3][4]
Nominal voltage
Unknown
Architecture
Unknown
Pack mass
Unknown
Energy densityPack level
186 Wh/kgDocumented[1]

Pack-level figure from EPA data.

Structural pack
NoEstimated
Peak DC charging
Unknown

The cell

Panasonic 18650 (2021 Model S/X)

The refreshed Model S and Model X kept the 18650 format, but in a new five-module pack. Tesla did not publish the cell's specifications.

18650Ø18 mm65 mm21704680DRAWN TO SCALE · DASHED: OTHER CYLINDRICAL FORMATS

Cell data

Dimensions
Ø18 × 65 mmDocumented[3]

An owner measured 18 mm × 65 mm cells in a Plaid pack.

Capacity
Unknown
Nominal voltage
Unknown
Energy per cell
Unknown
Chemistry
Unknown

Not published for the 2021 cell.

Capacity in context

Gross capacity of every documented pack. Hatched bars are disputed ranges; packs with unknown capacity are omitted.

  1. Cybertruck 4680123
  2. Model S/X 100103
  3. Model S/X 2021+100
  4. Model S/X 9090
  5. LG 5N88.2
  6. Model S 8585
  7. LG 5M84.7
  8. Panasonic 3L82.1
  9. Roadster 3.0 (R80)80
  10. Tesla 8L79
  11. LG 5L78.8
  12. Panasonic 377.8
  13. Model S/X 7575
  14. LG 5C74.5
  15. Tesla 4680 Structural (Model Y)69
  16. CATL 6M62.5
  17. CATL 6L60
  18. BYD 7C55–60 (disputed)
  19. CATL 6C55
  20. Panasonic 1L55
  21. Panasonic 1C53.1
  22. Roadster ESS53

Applications

Where this pack is installed

Each row is a documented link between this pack and a vehicle variant, with its factory, period and evidence. A variant may also appear with other packs.

Model SOpen in finder
VariantPeriodFactoryMarketCodeEvidence
Long RangeModel S (2021–)2021 – presentFremontNot market-specific—
Documented[2][1]
PlaidModel S (2021–)2021 – presentFremontNot market-specific—
Documented[3][4]
Model XOpen in finder
VariantPeriodFactoryMarketCodeEvidence
Long RangeModel X (2021–)2021 – presentFremontNot market-specific—
Documented[1]
PlaidModel X (2021–)2021 – presentFremontNot market-specific—
Documented[1]

Performance

Charging, advantages and tradeoffs

Peak DC charging

Unknown

No verified charging curve for this pack is in the database yet. Curves vary with temperature, state of charge and software, so we only publish curves backed by repeatable measurements.

Advantages

  • Higher pack-level energy density than the previous 100 kWh pack (about 186 vs 165 Wh/kg). [1]

Tradeoffs

  • Slightly less total energy than the pack it replaced, according to EPA data. [1]

Identification

How to tell if your car has it

  • All refreshed Model S and Model X (Long Range and Plaid) from 2021 use this pack architecture.
  • The part number on the high-voltage battery label and Tesla service records are definitive. A VIN alone does not encode the cell supplier or pack code.

History

Lineage in the Panasonic 18650 · Model S/X family

Model S and Model X packs built from Panasonic 18650 cells, from the 85 kWh launch pack of 2012 to the five-module pack of the 2021 refresh.

  1. Model S 852012–2016 · 85 kWh
  2. Model S/X 752016–? · 75 kWh
  3. Model S/X 902015–? · 90 kWh
  4. Model S/X 1002016–2021 · 103 kWh
  5. Model S/X 2021+2021–now · 100 kWh
  1. Documented[1][3]

    Refreshed Model S and X pack

    Tesla keeps 18650 cells but cuts the module count from sixteen to five. Pack-level energy density rises to about 186 Wh/kg in EPA data.

Related packs

Model S/X 100vs

Sources

4 references

  1. [1]
    Tesla's upgraded Model X battery has higher energy density

    ElectrekpressPublished 4 Nov 2021Consulted 28 Oct 2026Pending direct review

    Reports EPA datasheet values: 103 kWh → 100 kWh, 165 → ~186 Wh/kg.

  2. [2]
    Refreshed Tesla Model S/X: Everything We Know, Plus Comparisons

    InsideEVspressPublished 2021Consulted 28 Oct 2026Pending direct review

  3. [3]
    Here's the intricate engineering behind Tesla Model S Plaid's batteries

    Interesting EngineeringpressConsulted 28 Oct 2026Pending direct review

  4. [4]
    Engineering Analysis Of New Tesla Model S Plaid Supercar

    InsideEVspressConsulted 28 Oct 2026Pending direct review